Melatonin and chromatin
Melatonin and chromatin
Keywords:
Circadian, DNA methylation, Histone modification, Noncoding RNAs, Super-enhancer RNAs
Abstract
Melatonin affects chromatin remodeling, thereby activating or silencing specific genes and, presumably, also by modulating circadian-mediated changes in chromatin structure. Melatonin has been shown to exert effects on chromatin under conditions of toxin exposure, treatment with other hormones such as glucocorticoids or leptin, in cancer, and during developmental processes. Most of the documented actions concern histone modifications or their reversal that facilitate or prevent nucleosome eviction. Less information is available on DNA methylation or demethylation at regulatory CpG islands. To date, this has been mainly studied under conditions of early development, occasionally concerning seasonality or shiftwork with light at night. Another emerging field, which is still insufficiently studied, concerns regulation via DNA-interacting noncoding RNAs, in particular, super-enhancer lncRNAs. Although the direct information on actions by melatonin is widely missing, this field promises to become important, as numerous RNAs of this type have been shown to be rhythmically expressed. The circadian aspect of melatonin’s role in chromatin remodeling and control of gene expression deserves future attention. This includes the role of sirtuin 1, which participates in the circadian machinery and apparently mediates several effects of melatonin that are suppressed by sirtuin inhibitors or sirtuin 1 knockdown.
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Published
2019-02-28
How to Cite
[1]
Hardeland, R. 2019. Melatonin and chromatin. Melatonin Research. 2, 1 (Feb. 2019), 67-93. DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32794/mr11250012.
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Reviews
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