Melatonin and Covid-19: An opened Pandora's box and the hope for the time being
Melatonin and COVID-19
Keywords:
Melatonin, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, immunomodulayion, cytoprotection
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a global health concern still ongoing. No single therapeutic intervention with high efficacy exists and virus mutations continue to improve immune evasion decreasing vaccine efficacy. Therefore, a therapy which instead targets severe symptoms of COVID-19 should be contemplated. Hyperinflammation, cytokine storm and oxidation are relevant in the evolution of COVID-19. Considering the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and cytoprotective effects of melatonin (MEL) on viral infections, its potential links with COVID-19 should be researched. In addition, evidence suggests a viricidal action of MEL and an increase in the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. One of the neglected and excellent options for therapy is MEL. We strongly support and encourage the use of MEL as a therapy for COVID-19.
References
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22. Tan DX, Hardeland R (2020) Potential utility of melatonin in deadly infectious diseases related to the overreaction of innate immune response and destructive inflammation: Focus on COVID-19. Melatonin Res. 3 (1): 120-143. doi:10.32794/ mr11250052.
23. Codo AC, et al. (2020) Elevated glucose levels favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and monocyte response through a HIF-1α/glycolysis-dependent axis. Cell Metab. 32 (3): 437-446.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.07.007.
24. Hardeland R (2018) Melatonin and inflammation-story of a double-edged blade. J. Pineal Res. 65 (4): e12525. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12525.
25. Cheng J, Yang HL, Gu CJ, Liu YK, Shao J, Zhu R, He YY, Zhu XY, Li MQ (2019) Melatonin restricts the viability and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells by suppressing HIF-1α/ROS/VEGF. Int. J. Mol. Med. 43 (2): 945-955. doi:10.3892/ijmm. 2018.4021.
26. Kücükakin B, Lykkesfeldt J, Nielsen HJ, Reiter RJ, Rosenberg J, Gögenur I (2008) Utility of melatonin to treat surgical stress after major vascular surgery-a safety study. J. Pineal Res. 44 (4): 426-431. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2007.00545.x.
27. Zhao Z, Lu C, Li T, Wang W, Ye W, Zeng R, Ni L, Lai Z, Wang X, Liu C (2018). The protective effect of melatonin on brain ischemia and reperfusion in rats and humans: In vivo assessment and a randomized controlled trial. J. Pineal Res. 65 (4): e12521. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12521.
28. Bazyar H, Gholinezhad H, Moradi L, Salehi P, Abadi F, Ravanbakhsh M, Zare Javid A (2019) The effects of melatonin supplementation in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontal status, serum melatonin and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 27 (1): 67-76. doi: 10.1007/s10787-018-0539-0.
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32. Ling Y, Li ZZ, Zhang JF, Zheng XW, Lei ZQ, Chen RY, Feng JH (2018) MicroRNA-494 inhibition alleviates acute lung injury through Nrf2 signaling pathway via NQO1 in sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Life Sci. 210: 1-8. doi:10.1016/ j.lfs.2018.08.037.
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Published
2023-12-31
How to Cite
[1]
Chacin-Bonilla, L. and Bonilla, E. 2023. Melatonin and Covid-19: An opened Pandora’s box and the hope for the time being. Melatonin Research. 6, 4 (Dec. 2023), 474-484. DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500163.
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Reviews
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